![]() ![]() DDS patients had lower levels of self-rated traumatic childhood experiences and current psychosocial stressors. Nearly all DDS patients endorsed the wish for a symptom specific counseling and 70.7 % were interested in the internet-based treatment of their problems. They had higher rates of previous or current mental health care utilization. They tended to show more severe functional impairment. DDS patients were younger, had a significant preponderance of male sex, longer disease duration and an earlier age of onset, a higher education but were more often unemployed. DDS patients were described and compared with depressive outpatients in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, treatment history, treatment wishes, clinical symptomatology, prevailing psychosocial stressors, family history of common mental disorders and history of childhood trauma.ĭespite the high comorbidity of DDS patients with depressive disorders and comparable burden with symptoms of depression and anxiety, the clinical picture and course of both patient groups differed strongly. The sample comprised 223 patients with a diagnosis of depersonalization-derealization-syndrome and 1129 patients with a depressive disorder but without a comorbid diagnosis of DDS. To reveal differential characteristics, we compared the DDS patients, who consulted the specialized depersonalization-derealization clinic, with a group of patients with depressive disorders without comorbid DDS from the regular outpatient clinic of the mental health center. Against this background, we carried out a large comprehensive survey of a DDS series in a tertiary mental health center with a specialized depersonalization-derealization clinic. In Germany, its administrative prevalence is far below the threshold for orphan diseases, although according to epidemiological surveys the diagnosis should be comparable frequent as anorexia nervosa for instance. Replication is needed in larger samples including male subjects.ĭepersonalization-derealization syndrome (DDS) is an underdiagnosed and underresearched clinical phenomenon. We suggest that the GG-allele and unresolved attachment status might be considered as risk factors in the etiology of DP/DR symptoms. There was no statistically significant main influence of OXTR genotypes or unresolved attachment status on DP/DR symptoms. We found a highly significant gene–environment interaction: Individuals with unresolved attachment status were significantly more depersonalized when they carried the GG-allele than A-allele carriers than not unresolved subjects. OXTR rs53576 genotypes were obtained from blood samples. DP/DR symptoms were measured with the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale unresolved attachment status was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview. The study sample consisted of 84 women, including 43 depressed patients and 41 control subjects, aged 19–52. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of unresolved attachment status and the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) rs53576 polymorphism on DP/DR symptoms. However, the pathogenesis of DP/DR symptoms is little understood. This results in emerging new hopeful treatment methods such as rTMS, cognitive-behavioural therapy, of depersonalization and opioid antagonists, but they require further research.ĭepersonalization (DP), or feelings of detachment from one’s self or one’s surroundings (i.e., derealization, DR), is considered a maladaptive stress response, frequently occurring in anxiety disorders, depression or as a primary disorder. In spite of the difficulties encountered, the authors note that the level of knowledge is constantly increasing, and depersonalization and derealization are becoming increasingly popular among professionals. As authors highlight, there is a clear expectation from patients to get a disorder-specific treatment, so that we should continuously widen our understanding in this field. The authors underline the need to take decisive steps towards better understanding and helping people with depersonalization/derealization disorder. The difficulties which are discussed include: co-occurrence with other disorders, insufficient knowledge of patients and physicians, difficulty in describing symptoms, lack of clear treatment guidelines and unknown psychological and neurobiological background. ![]() In addition, the authors describe the problems which have to be faced by professionals who are dealing with these disorders. This article discusses the current state of knowledge about the treatment and neurobiological/psychological aspects of this condition. Derealization, on the other hand, is defined as a sense of unreality of the environment and the alteration in its experience. Depersonalization is often characterized as a sense of unreality of self and the state of emotional numbing.
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